Peter Sterry (1613 – 19 November 1672) was an English independent theologian, associated with the Cambridge Platonists prominent during the English Civil War era. He was chaplain to Roundhead general Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke and then Oliver Cromwell, a member of the Westminster Assembly,
Life
He was born in
Surrey. He went to St. Olave's Grammar School,
Southwark.
He was a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, from 1636, where he had studied since 1629;
but gave up the fellowship quite soon.
[Christopher Hill, Milton and the English Revolution, p. 42.]
He preached to Parliament on important occasions: in 1649 after the surrender of Drogheda and Waterford,[ House of Commons Journal Volume 6: 2 October 1649 | British History Online Hill, A Nation of Change and Novelty (1990), p. 188]] in 1651 after the battle of Worcester. His sermons, widely allusive,[ Reverend Peter Sterry, a chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, regularly used pagan mythology, especially Ovid, in his sermons and was known to carry Aquinas, Boehme, Shakespeare and Ovid with him when he traveled.] were considered opaque: David Masson quotes a contemporary opinion:
After the Restoration, he retired to a community in East Sheen.[CDNB]
Literary historian Vivian de Sola Pinto observes that Sterry "had exactly the qualities that Puritans like John Bunyan lacked: intellectual freedom, flexibility of mind, imagination, tolerance and loving-kindness."[Pinto, Peter Sterry, Platonist and Puritan (1934), 63.] Sterry "united with this tenderness a wide culture, a true humanist's delight in learning and a love of beauty in all its manifestations."
He is commemorated by a stained glass window in the chapel of Emmanuel College,[.] which has an archive of unpublished writings.
Views
Described as a '
Platonism Puritans',
[M. H. Abrams, The Mirror and the Lamp, p. 60.] an '
universalist,'
[Pinto, Peter Sterry, Platonist and Puritan (1934), 103-104. "Like Origen he refuses to believe in the doctrine of eternal damnation... Sterry's hell is a place not of damnation but of education and regeneration."] as well as a
Behmenist (despite disagreeing with Böhme on much),
[Robin Parry, A Larger Hope? (Vol. 2), 291. In the quoted excerpt, Sterry warns, "The Lord gave Böhme his Spirit by measure, leaving much darkness mingled with his light. They that read him had need come to him well instructed in the mystery of Christ...others will be perverted by him."] he was a follower of leading Cambridge Platonist Benjamin Whichcote.
[Richard Popkin, Pimlico History of Western Philosophy, p. 366.] As a mystic, he spoke of 'hidden music'.
A
millenarian, he expected in the early 1650s the
Second Coming shortly, with 1656 a decisive year.
[ Peter Sterry, John Tillinghast and John Rogers concurred in Henry Archer's opinion that 1656 or 1666 were likely dates for the commencement of the Reign of the Saints. PDF , p.2; Hill, Milton, p. 283, p. 301.]
He with William Erbery 'had difficulty in distinguishing themselves from Ranters';[Hill, Milton, p. 315.] but he wrote against Ranter 'errors'.[Hill, Nation of Change and Novelty, p. 214.] He was a sympathiser with early Quakerism,[Mentioned (with Giles Randall, Francis Rous, William Dell, John Saltmarsh) in connection with inner light: online extract from biography of George Fox.][Jon Parkin (1999), Science, Politics and Religion in Restoration England, p.77.] and preached in their defence when James Nayler was under attack by MPs at the parliament of 1656.[Worden, Blair (2012). God's Instruments: Political Conduct in the England of Oliver Cromwell. OUP. p.70. ]
Robin Parry summarizes: "In many ways Sterry is an anomaly—a Puritan who was a lover of the arts and poetry, a Platonist who was a theological determinist, a deeply rational mystic, and a Calvinist universalist."[Robin Parry, A Larger Hope? (Vol. 2), 47.]
The following excerpt exemplifies Sterry's thought and style:
The divine love covers all things with the divine loveliness and beauty of the universal harmony, which is the righteousness of God in Christ, the first, the fairest image of the invisible God, in which every other image of God stands, as in the original, the all-comprehending glory.[Peter Sterry, A Discourse of the Freedom of the Will (1675), preface, as cited in Vivian de Sola Pinto, Peter Sterry, Platonist and Puritan (1934), p. 131 (excerpt 1), with slightly modernized spelling, punctuation, and syntax.]
Family
The Oxford academic
Nathaniel Sterry was his younger brother.
Works
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The Spirit Convincing of Sinne, fast sermon for Parliament, 26 November 1645
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England's Deliverance from the Northern Presbytery, Compared with its Deliverance from the Roman Papacy (1652) sermon on the Battle of Worcester
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Way of God with his people in these nations, sermon for Parliament 5 November 1656
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Free Grace Exalted (1670)
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A Discourse of the Freedom of the Will (1675)
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The Rise, Race, and Royalty of the Kingdom of God in the Soul (1683)
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The Appearance of God to Man in the Gospel (1710)
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F. J. Powicke, "Peter Sterry: A Puritan Mystic." Primitive Methodist Quarterly Review 47 (1905): 617–25.
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Vivian de Sola Pinto (1968) Peter Sterry, Platonist and Puritan, 1613–1672;: A biographical and critical study with passages selected from his writings
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V. de Sola Pinto, Peter Sterry and His Unpublished Writings, The Review of English Studies, Vol. 6, No. 24 (Oct. 1930), pp. 385–407
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Nabil I. Matar (1994), Peter Sterry: Select Writings
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Matar, "Peter Sterry and the Comenian Circle: Education and Eschatology in Restoration Nonconformity," The Journal of the United Reformed Church History Society, 5 (1994): 183–192.
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Matar, "Aristotelian Tragedy in the Theology of Peter Sterry," Literature and Theology, 6 (1992): 310–20.
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Matar, "'Oyle of Joy': The Early Prose of Peter Sterry," Philological Quarterly, 71 (1992): 31–46.
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Matar, "John Donne, Peter Sterry and the ars moriendi," Exploration in Renaissance Culture, 17 (1991): 55–71.
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Matar, "Peter Sterry and the Puritan Defense of Ovid in Restoration England," Studies in Philology, 88 (1991): 110–121.
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Matar, "Peter Sterry and the 'Paradise Within': A Study of the Emmanuel College Letters," Restoration, 13 (1989): 76–85.
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Matar, "Peter Sterry and Jacob Boehme," Notes and Queries, 231 (1986): 33–36.
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Matar, "Peter Sterry and the First English Poem on the Druids," National Library of Wales Journal, 24 (1985): 222–243.
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Matar, "Peter Sterry and the Ranters," Notes and Queries, 227 (1982): 504–506.
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Matar, "Peter Sterry and the 'lovely Society' at West Sheen," Notes and Queries, 227 (1982): 45–46,
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Matar, "Peter Sterry, the Millennium and Oliver Cromwell," The Journal of the United Reformed Church History Society, 2 (1982): 334–343.
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Matar, "A Note on George Herbert and Peter Sterry," George Herbert Journal, 5 (1982): 71–75.
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Matar, "Peter Sterry and Morgan Llwyd," The Journal of the United Reformed Church History Society, 2 (1981): 275–279.
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Matar, "The Peter Sterry MSS at Emmanuel College, Cambridge," Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society, 8 (1981): 42–56. With P. J.Croft.
Notes
External links
